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FAQs: How much energy can a photovoltaic system produce? Empirical results show that a 1 kWp photovoltaic system in Germany produces between 800 and 1050 kWh electricity annually - depending on the region (northern/southern Germany), the alignment, weather conditions and system technology. A figure of more than 1050 kWh is achievable in a good year in favourable locations. Is my roof suitable for a photovoltaic system? Photovoltaic systems can be installed anywhere where there is sufficient solar radiation. Consequently many different roof surfaces can be used. A system works at its best if aligned 30° to the south and is not obstructed. Any deviance towards the south-westerly/south-easterly direction, or tilt between 25° and 60°, lowers the energy yield only marginally, but obstruction by trees, neighbouring houses, etc. should be avoided. Is solar power not too expensive? Renewable energies such as solar power are usually more expensive than conventional energies because the extent of their use to date has been comparatively small. But in particular, costs for the damage to the environment and the climate are not included in the pricing of conventional energies. Because renewable energies bring significant benefits in regard to protection of the climate and preservation of resources, as well as in terms of securing supply, is it right and necessary to facilitate their introduction to the marketplace with contributions as laid down in the Renewable Energies Law. As with any other emerging technology, pricing for solar cells will fall with increased volume, production and technological innovation. Given that similar programs to those in Germany are also applicable in other countries such as Japan, USA, Spain and The Netherlands, the expectation is that pricing for solar power will continue to sink over the next few years. Experience tells us that every time total production volume doubles, world market pricing for solar modules drops by 20%. Is it correct that solar power has a negative energy balance? One of the most obstinate prejudices against photovoltaics is that the expense for the production of a solar power system is greater that the yield it could ever deliver. Various eco-balances substantiate the opposite view. Depending on the quality of the silicon cells, a solar system generates the amount of energy required for its production in approx. 1.5 to max. 6 years (source: Technical University of Berlin). Given a minimum service life of solar cells of 20 to 25 years (as guaranteed by manufacturers), this means an unequivocally positive energy balance. Is it right that renewable energies such as solar power can not cover the base load of the power demand in Germany? This is not correct because the comparison between individual energy sources is misleading. What is crucial is the mixture of different renewable sources - it could very well replace the conventional power plant mix in the long term. Photovoltaic systems and wind power systems compliment each other both during the day and over the seasons. Wind power systems can be operated at night and reach their peak power in winter, solar systems typically deliver their maximum power around midday and in summer. This allows the conventional electricity network to be relieved effectively, especially at times of extreme loading. Reserve capacities are necessary to cover the shortfall in electricity supply. Biomass power plants and pumped storage plants could be a consideration here. With the help of weather forecasts and modern communication technology, a network of many small decentralised generators can be controlled in such a way that it operates as a "virtual power plant". |
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